BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
Rhipicephalus
appendiculatus
GENUS
|
Rhipicephalus
|
| SPECIES |
appendiculatus |
| LOCATION |
Southern
and eastern Africa |
| HABITAT |
Inhabits
warm and humid countries |
| LIFE
CYCLE |
Three
host tick |
| |
Can survive
14 months |
| MATING
HABIT |
Females
lay up to 3000-5000 eggs each time |
| FEEDING
HABIT |
Causes
tick paralysis |
| HOSTS
|
Targets
cattle, horses, sheep, goats, |
|
antelopes,
dogs and rodents |
| DISEASES
|
Transmits
Theileria parva (East coast fever), |
| |
Hepatozoon
canis,Theileria mutans, |
|
Babesia
bigemia, Rickettsia conorii and Louping ill |
| REFERENCES |
SOULSBY
1982 |
Rhipicephalus
evertsi
GENUS
|
Rhipicephalus |
| SPECIES |
evertsi
|
| LOCATION |
South
Africa to northern Sudan and Yemen |
| LIFE
CYCLE |
Two
host tick |
| |
Egg
to adult takes 13-25 weeks |
| MATING
HABIT |
Females
lay up to 5000-7000 eggs each time |
| FEEDING
HABIT |
Adults:
anal, inguinal, axillary, sternal regions |
| |
Immatures:
deep in ear canal, |
| |
infestation
can lead to ear infection |
| |
Often
find large numbers on host |
| |
Cause
tick paralysis |
| HOSTS
|
All
stages target a wide range of domestic |
| |
mammals:
cattle, sheep, goats,horses |
| DISEASES
|
Sheep:
Theileria separata |
| |
Horses:
Babesia equi |
| |
Cattle:
Babesia bigemia (redwater), |
| |
Rickettsia
conorii (Boutonneuse fever), |
|
Theileria
mutans, Borrelia theileri (spirochaetosis) |
| REFERENCES |
BAKER
1999 |
Rhipicephalus
sanguineus
female
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
 |
GENUS |
Rhipicephalus |
| SPECIES |
sanguineus |
| LOCATION |
World
wide |
| HABITAT |
Houses
and kennels in cold areas |
|
In
hot regions (18°C) found in the |
|
wilderness |
| ACTIVITY |
In
America up to 2 cycles a year |
| LIFE
CYCLE |
Three
host tick |
|
Life
cycle lasts 4-5 months |
|
(egg
to adult) |
| MATING
HABIT |
Females
lay about 4000 eggs |
| FEEDING
HABIT |
Causes
irritation |
| HOSTS |
Dogs
(Europe and Northern America) |
|
Borrelia
burgdorferi (Lyme disease), |
|
Babesia
canis, B. gibson, Erlichia |
male
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
 |
|
canis,
E. vogeli, Salmonella |
|
enteritidis,
Hepatozoon canis, |
|
Rickettsia
conorii (Boutonneuse |
|
fever), Coxiella burnetii (Q fever), |
|
Rickettsia
rhipicephali |
|
(Rocky
mountain spotted fever), |
|
Crimean
Congo Haemorrhagic |
|
Fever (CCHF), Hemobartonella canis |
| REFERENCES |
BAKER
1999, HILLYARD 1996, |
|
BECKER
2002, |
|
PARASITOLOGY
2002 |
R.
sanguineus
 
engorged female
|
| |
|
